Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is an underlying phenotypic trait characterized by heightened emotional and environmental responsiveness and has shown mixed associations with mental health outcomes. Spirituality (broadly construed) is beneficially associated with both SPS and depression. The present study examined the cross-sectional relationship between SPS and depressive symptoms among a U.S. community sample of emerging adult drinkers (age: 18-25 years), as mediated by Ritualistic (RS), Theistic (TS), and Existential Spirituality (ES). 894 participants completed validated self-report measures of SPS, RiTE spirituality, and depression. Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the indirect effect of SPS on depressive symptoms through the RiTE dimensions of spirituality. Results indicated that among our sample of emerging adult drinkers, SPS was positively associated with ES, while ES was negatively associated with depression. Also, a significant indirect effect was observed, such that higher SPS predicted greater ES, which in turn was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (Full Model R2 = .22, p <.0001). Indirect associations through RS and TS were not observed. These findings suggest that ES may serve as a protective mechanism for individuals high in SPS. Although SPS is often conceptualized as a vulnerability factor, the results support a more nuanced perspective in which heightened sensitivity may promote deeper meaning and engagement with existential exploration. This process may help buffer against depressive symptoms, which are highly comorbid with problematic drinking. Implications for future research and clinical interventions include the potential value of incorporating existential approaches to support individuals with high sensory processing sensitivity.
Exploring the Mediating Influence of Spirituality on the Link Between Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Depression